He is also a Visiting Professor at the African Leadership Centre, King’s College, London. In 2019, he led an independent strategic review of the UN peacekeeping mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUSCO) and in 2015 he served as member of the UN Secretary-General High Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations and simultaneously a member of the High Level Advisory Group for the Global Study on Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security. Before retiring from the United Nations in 2011, he was the Secretary-General’s Special Representative and Head of the UN Peacekeeping Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad (MINURCAT), from 2010. He served as Executive Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the UN Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Burundi (BINUB, 2007-09). He held several other UN positions, as Resident Coordinator in Guyana and Director in the Department of Political Affairs in New York.